sofos
16-03-13, 05:27
http://www.corenutritionals.com/images/supplements/core_fury_group.jpg
Your veins are bursting through your skin, your muscles sore. Your calluses burn like pure fire, screaming out for you to stop. Your mind races, anxious, and you stare at the bar on the floor like Custer making his last stand. Are you nervous? No. Scared? Not in the slightest. You’re furious, down to your very core, and right now smashing that weight as if it owes you money has consumed you. It’s time to unleash the FURY!
Available Flavors
Luscious Melon - Electric Lemon-Lime
Does that sound like your last workout? If not, then let’s be blunt: you are not training hard enough. Maybe you were tired. Maybe work stressed you out. Or maybe, you didn’t want it bad enough! Maybe the fury doesn’t burn in you like it burns in most of the greats. Or, maybe, your pre-workout formula simply is not up to snuff!
Whatever the reason, the solution is here. Now, every supplement company is going to tell you two things about their pre-workout product: one, that their product is different from everyone else’s, and two, that you will have the best workout of your life when you take it. Yet, here we are, thirty some years into the pre-workout product business, and the same tired formulas are dragged out again and again, loaded with pixie dust, proprietary blends, and low quality ingredients.
Core FURY bucks that trend. It reinvents the wheel by not trying, or claiming, to reinvent the wheel. There is no super-secret-highly-confidential-limited-release-slap-your-mom-and-steal-your-uncle’s-wallet ingredient! Why? Because you don’t need them and they don’t work! What you need is an intelligently designed, non-proprietary blend pre-workout product with high-quality, proven ingredients, in doses that reflect the clinical research and are chosen to work in concert with one another. That is Core FURY!
Core FURY’s generously dosed, non-proprietary blend formula supports:
Increased strength and performance
Increased vascularity and muscle hardness
Increased blood flow, nitric oxide (NO) production, and “PUMP”
Increased ATP replenishment for fatigue prevention
Increased focus, energy, and sense of well being
So stop getting mad that your pre-workout doesn’t cut it. Unleash the FURY!
Physiological Properties and Effects
Agmatine sulfate: Agmatine is part of a group of compounds known as polyamines, alphatic amines which play multiple physiological roles in tissue growth and differentiation, body weight increment, brain organization, molecular mechanisms of hormonal action, intracellular signaling, and extracellular communication. Agmatine itself is naturally produced in the body by the breakdown of arginine. Paradoxically, the studied effects of agmatine not only appear to mimic those of its parent compound arginine, but in many cases, surpass it. These effects include an increase in localized bloodflow (better plasma delivery), dilation of the vasculature (expanding of blood vessels), increased nutrient delivery, and a hypothesized effect on the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPTA).
The literature suggests that agmatine sulfate’s positive regulation of NO (nitric oxide) levels occur within the classical NO-eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) pathway. Like arginine, agmatine appears to increase plasma nitric oxide via functioning as a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. As a polyamine, agmatine may also play a role in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPTA). Data in mammals have shown that polyamines are related to gonadotropin release, and in particular, promote an increased luteinizing hormone (LH) production. This positive regulation of gonadotropin is suggested to be the result of increased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, a neurotransmitter critically involved in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion.
Core FURY uses a hefty dose of AgmaMAX, independently tested agmatine sulfate that is over 98% pure. This is a far cry from most of the other agmatine sulfate on the market that barely tests out at 80% purity (and many often as low as 40%!). We could have chosen to use a lower dose because of the potency and purity of AgmaMAX, but instead we chose to include 750 mg in one scoop and 1,500 mg in a two scoop serving! The pumps from this product and dose alone are skin-bursting!
Creatine monohydrate: Sometimes called the “grandfather” of dietary supplements, creatine is, along with caffeine, one of the most extensively studied dietary compounds. Certainly, it is the most well-studied ergogenic aid. Generally speaking, the extensive amount of data on creatine demonstrates that it positively contributes to dilation of the vasculature, plasma-nutrient mobilization, post-workout nitrogen retention and protein synthesis, along with dose-dependently increasing contractile force through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) provision (i.e., it helps support increased strength).
If the human body could be considered a bank account, then ATP would be the currency, and every cellular process would be like spending a little money from that account. Without making a deposit, the account runs dry (fatigue). Unfortunately, making a direct deposit to that account in the form of exogenous adenosine triphosphate is impossible, given that ATP itself is incredibly unstable. The use of supplemental creatine, however, is analogous to making a deposit in the body’s energy bank, given that creatine is eventually metabolized to ATP via several steps.
In skeletal muscle, creatine is first phosphorylated into its primary derivative, known as phosphocreatine (PCr), by the muscle-specific creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB (muscle-brain). Following the phosphorylation of creatine, phosphocreatine may then anaerobically donate a phosphate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form the ATP required during the initial stages of intense muscular contraction. The result is not only an increase in contractile force, but also an increase in potential type IIx (‘fast-twitch’) muscle recruitment – the type of muscle fibers which are not only traditionally associated with speed, strength, and power, but which are also unsurprisingly the most energy-demanding fiber types. Literally speaking, creatine contributes to the building of muscle.
Both through the ATP provision just described, as well as effects on nutrient mobilization, protein-sparing, and fluid dynamics, creatine has been consistently demonstrated to increase lean muscle mass in clinical data. In the short-term, these effects are most likely the result of some fluid retention (and cell volumization) normally associated with exogenous creatine use. In the long term, these effects are likely attributable to creatine’s collective effect on muscle metabolism. The most recent research on creatine suggests it exerts direct effects on muscle metabolism, including altering the expression of genes responsible for ribosomal assembly, attenuating the breakdown of leucine, and most famously, by expanding cell volume. Cutting through the jargon, let us just say that the amount of creatine monohydrate contained in Core FURY simply works: these dosages have been shown time and again to significantly increase lean body mass and muscle volume, lower fatigue, and improve performance (measured in several ways).
Now, skip the gimmick, alternative forms of creatine (e.g., creatine ethyl ester, “buffered” creatines, etc) and stick to the tried and true creatine monohydrate found in Core FURY! Unlike many of the preworkouts on the market that will “sprinkle” creatine monohydrate in their proprietary blend, at 5,000 mg per two scoops serving, Core FURY uses a clinically supported dose of creatine monohydrate!
L-Citrulline: Citrulline is a non-essential, non-protein amino acid that forms during the urea cycle and forms ornithine when combined with carbon dioxide. Citrulline is also a critical source of endogenous (natural) arginine, as it is rapidly and efficiently converted to arginine in the vascular endothelium and other tissues.
Like agmatine, the other arginine pre-cursor/byproduct featured in Core FURY, citrulline’s benefits have been shown to be greater than its parent compound. While arginine undergoes direct hepatic (liver) metabolism through the enzyme arginase, citrulline bypasses hepatic metabolism entirely and it is delivered straight to the bloodstream. The result is that gut absorption and plasma (blood) bioavailability studies comparing citrulline and arginine have shown two things. First, that citrulline is less readily destroyed and has greater absorption than arginine. Second, that citrulline supplementation increases arginine levels more effectively than arginine supplementation itself.
This translates to promising results. For example, animal studies show a significant increase in anaerobic performance at a 250mg/kg/day serving of citrulline, while studies in humans implicate citrulline in both aerobic and anaerobic performance increases. As a critical part of the urea cycle, citrulline’s performance benefits are thought to be a result of its role in ammonia clearance. Citrulline is implicated in reducing the oxygen cost of muscle processes, along with increasing the rate of post-exercise ATP and phosphocreatine replenishment. As ATP and phosphocreatine are the body’s ‘exercise fuel,’ this may result in citrulline delaying time to exhaustion in aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
Trimethylglycine (TMG): Betaine (trimethylglycine) is found naturally in most living organisms. It is well known to protect non-mammalian animal life in conditions of osmotic stress (a rapid change in the amount of solute surrounding a cell), in addition to functioning as an osmolyte in mammalian (including human) tissues. Betaine is formed in cells as an oxidation product of choline and can be obtained in the diet from foods such as spinach and beets.
Though data on betaine is limited, and recent, the available literature suggests that this compound has immediate and tangible effects in a number of areas. Studies on betaine using dosages as little as 1.25g/day and up to 5g/day for up to 14 days have shown promising results. In one study, a 2.5g/day dose was found to enhance endurance and total repetition volume for the squat, bench press, and jump squat in in healthy-exercised trained adults. A similar study using the same dosage found that betaine use increased peak power and maximum peak power, along with force and the maintenance of both force and power in healthy, exercise-trained subjects.
Perhaps more interesting, however, is a study which examined betaine’s effect on the endocrine system that revealed betaine exerts a powerful effect on IGF, GH, and cortisol levels, with authors hypothesizing that long(er) term betaine supplementation ought to increase the hypertrophic (muscle-building) response to resistance training.
Choline bitartrate: Choline is an essential nutrient involved in numerous metabolic pathways, including DNA regulation and repair, protein function, and metabolism. Perhaps most importantly, the critical neurotransmitter acetylcholine is produced directly from free choline via cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine is then responsible for a number of functions itself, most crucially as the compound which induces muscular contraction and as the neuromodulator partially responsible for modulating risk/reward, arousal, and enhancing memory.
Choline’s essential role as a substrate for acetylcholine, and therefore brain development, is well documented in animal models. These studies demonstrate that levels of free maternal choline have a direct and fundamental impact on prenatal brain development, with the enhancements or deficits lasting into adulthood. Choline’s enhancing effect is particularly prominent in the hippocampus. In humans, the hippocampus is primarily involved in the consolidation of memory (taking short, episodic memory and translating it into long-term memory) and the learning of new information. Acetylcholine is a critical component in these processes, as mentioned above, and choline may therefore play a potential role in these processes as well by providing the substrate for acetylcholine synthesis.
Tartaric acid occurs naturally in the food source, while its salt derivatives (tartrate, for example) have been used as acidulants, antioxidant synergists, buffers and sequestrants. As free base, choline is rapidly destroyed in metabolism and attaching a salt to enhance absorption is necessary. The bitartrate salt addition used in Core FURY preserves choline from being destroyed during metabolism.
N-acetyl-tyrosine:Tyrosine is amongst a class of amino acids known as ‘non-essential’ amino acids, so called because the body can produce them endogenously, and it is therefore not essential to consume dietary tyrosine. That said, tyrosine is also what is known as a conditionally-essential amino acid; conditionally-essential because, along with glucose and ammonia, the synthesis of tyrosine additionally requires adequate levels of phenylalanine. Once synthesized, tyrosine is one of the most critical amino acids, given its prominent role as a substrate in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, in addition to both T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) thyroid hormones.
In studies on stress modulation, tyrosine has been demonstrated to reverse stress-induced norepinephrine depletion and the depressant-behavioral effects normally associated with it. It is suggested that tyrosine’s catecholamine-synthetic role may be particularly prominent in situations of acute stress where neurohormones are depleted – by not only contributing to the synthesis of catecholamines, but also potentiating their effects and exerting direct actions. In other words, tyrosine may help to mitigate the sense of depletion and fatigue felt at the end of a workout.
Studies on tyrosine’s effect on cognitive performance also show promise. The literature demonstrates that supplemental tyrosine may prevent the degradation in performance on cognitive tasks normally associated with both stress and fatigue. Tyrosine’s role in increasing hypothalamic dopamine synthesis may also explain its positive effect on working memory, particularly in circumstances where supplemental tyrosine improved anticipated failure rates in difficult cognitive tasks.
Tyrosine may also play important metabolic functions, mostly related to its role in synthesizing compounds which stimulate the nervous system. While not traditionally considered a sympathomimetic amine – a compound which mimics the action of catecholamines such as norepinephrine – studies which have coadministered tyrosine and stimulants demonstrate a synergistic effect. These studies suggest that tyrosine may potentiate the effects of both endogenous and supplemental norepinephrine and its mimetics (in the case of exogenous use) with respect to lipolysis, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. This means that tyrosine may assist norepinephrine in breaking up fat tissue, increasing body heat transiently, and increasing caloric expenditure.
N-acetyl L-tyrosine, the form used in Core FURY, is widely believed to be a more bioavailable form of tyrosine. The addition of an acetyl group to the amino group makes tyrosine more water-soluble, and may therefore speed the gastrointestinal absorption of tyrosine. The acetyl group also functions as an antioxidant, making the amino group less susceptible to oxidation in the bloodstream – acting as a biological bodyguard to transport the tyrosine within the bloodstream.
Phenylethylamine HCL, Beta-methylphenylethylamine HCL, and N,N-dimethyl-B-phenylethylamine HCL: Phenylethylamine, or PEA, and its derivatives have traditionally been considered amphetamine homologues due to the relative similarity in structure and effects. PEA has recently been studied with respect to its effects on the mammalian brain in a number of areas, though most pertinently in cognitive performance and its influence on the central nervous systems. These studies have generally shown that PEA significantly increases catecholaminergic activity in the mammalian brain, stimulating the release of both dopamine and serotonin while inhibiting their uptake. Why is this important to Core FURY? Catecholamine neurotransmitters are critical components to a number of mental functions and processes, including feelings of reward, motivation, and pleasure. Without these compounds, the mental benefit of training is nearly impossible to realize. Put simply, the PEA blend in Core FURY supports that euphoric and energetic feeling during training.
Unfortunately, PEA is notoriously unstable in its natural form, as the body almost immediately destroys it in metabolism. The instability of PEA is a potential reason for its inconsistent effects both within individuals (the same individual feeling different effects), and between individuals (each individual experiencing something different). To address this, Core FURY includes not only PEA, but derivatives of PEA which have substituents to significantly extend its half-life.
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (Caffeine):Caffeine is the most widely consumed, and perhaps one of the most reviewed, psychoactive compounds. Its physiological effects in a range of areas have been well-documented, including exercise performance, information processing, alertness and mood enhancement, attention, and awareness, along with its anti-lipogenic and lipolytic abilities.
Most importantly to Core FURY, caffeine has been shown to have significant effects on exercise performance, even with ingestion in doses as small 3 to 9mg/kg/bw/day (the equivalent of 2 cups of standard coffee, for a 170lb male). In endurance training, possible explanations for caffeine’s performance-enhancing effects lie in its metabolic effects on both lean and fat tissue. It is suggested that caffeine’s potent lipolytic (the breakdown of fat tissue into fatty acids) and oxidative (the actual ‘burning’ of fat) action allow the body to utilize these sources during prolonged submaximal exercise. As a consequence, muscle glycogen is spared and available for use later in the training session. Practically speaking, this means caffeine is forcing your body to preferentially use fat tissue as a fuel source, while sparing the glycogen, which gives your muscles that full-bodied look!
In short-term exercise, caffeine’s demonstrated role in the inhibition of cyclic AMP- phosphodiesterases (PDE), adenosine receptor antagonism, and adrenoreceptor agonism come into play. These three pathways collectively stimulate lipolytic activity, boost fat metabolism, increase metabolic rate and energy expenditure, and regulate the body’s thermogenic activity. The practical results of activating these pathways are increases to the contractile force of both cardiac and skeletal muscle (harder flexion), an increase in energy expenditure (freeing up more caloric energy to be used in contraction), dilation of vasculature (better blood flow), and improvements to both nitrogen retention and skeletal muscle protein synthesis (key components to muscle building).
In Core FURY, we have included a per-serving amount of caffeine that is neither excessive, nor arbitrary, but that instead reflects the dosages used in clinical research.
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Scoop (9.5 grams)
Servings Per Container: 40
Amount Per 1 Scoop
Amount Per 2 Scoops
% Daily Value*
AgmaMAX™ (98% Pure HPLC Agmatine sulfate) 750mg 1500mg †
Creatine monohydrate 2500mg 5000mg †
L-Citruline 1500mg 3000mg †
Trimethylglycine 1000mg 2000mg †
Choline bitartrate 250mg 500mg †
N-acetyl-tyrosine 500mg 1000mg †
Phenylethylamine HCL 200mg 400mg †
Beta-methylphenylethylamine HCL 125mg 250mg †
N,N-dimethyl-B-phenylethylamine HCL 25mg 50mg †
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (Caffeine) 200mg 400mg †
Directions
Mix 1 scoop with 8-10 ounces of water and consume approximately 30 minutes prior to your workout. To assess your tolerance, start with a 1 scoop serving. 1 to 1.5 scoops may be ideal for those smaller individuals or people sensitive to stimulants. Do not exceed 2 scoops in a 24 hour period. For enhanced performance, stack with 1-2 scoops of Core ABC 30 minutes prior to your workout.
Your veins are bursting through your skin, your muscles sore. Your calluses burn like pure fire, screaming out for you to stop. Your mind races, anxious, and you stare at the bar on the floor like Custer making his last stand. Are you nervous? No. Scared? Not in the slightest. You’re furious, down to your very core, and right now smashing that weight as if it owes you money has consumed you. It’s time to unleash the FURY!
Available Flavors
Luscious Melon - Electric Lemon-Lime
Does that sound like your last workout? If not, then let’s be blunt: you are not training hard enough. Maybe you were tired. Maybe work stressed you out. Or maybe, you didn’t want it bad enough! Maybe the fury doesn’t burn in you like it burns in most of the greats. Or, maybe, your pre-workout formula simply is not up to snuff!
Whatever the reason, the solution is here. Now, every supplement company is going to tell you two things about their pre-workout product: one, that their product is different from everyone else’s, and two, that you will have the best workout of your life when you take it. Yet, here we are, thirty some years into the pre-workout product business, and the same tired formulas are dragged out again and again, loaded with pixie dust, proprietary blends, and low quality ingredients.
Core FURY bucks that trend. It reinvents the wheel by not trying, or claiming, to reinvent the wheel. There is no super-secret-highly-confidential-limited-release-slap-your-mom-and-steal-your-uncle’s-wallet ingredient! Why? Because you don’t need them and they don’t work! What you need is an intelligently designed, non-proprietary blend pre-workout product with high-quality, proven ingredients, in doses that reflect the clinical research and are chosen to work in concert with one another. That is Core FURY!
Core FURY’s generously dosed, non-proprietary blend formula supports:
Increased strength and performance
Increased vascularity and muscle hardness
Increased blood flow, nitric oxide (NO) production, and “PUMP”
Increased ATP replenishment for fatigue prevention
Increased focus, energy, and sense of well being
So stop getting mad that your pre-workout doesn’t cut it. Unleash the FURY!
Physiological Properties and Effects
Agmatine sulfate: Agmatine is part of a group of compounds known as polyamines, alphatic amines which play multiple physiological roles in tissue growth and differentiation, body weight increment, brain organization, molecular mechanisms of hormonal action, intracellular signaling, and extracellular communication. Agmatine itself is naturally produced in the body by the breakdown of arginine. Paradoxically, the studied effects of agmatine not only appear to mimic those of its parent compound arginine, but in many cases, surpass it. These effects include an increase in localized bloodflow (better plasma delivery), dilation of the vasculature (expanding of blood vessels), increased nutrient delivery, and a hypothesized effect on the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPTA).
The literature suggests that agmatine sulfate’s positive regulation of NO (nitric oxide) levels occur within the classical NO-eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) pathway. Like arginine, agmatine appears to increase plasma nitric oxide via functioning as a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. As a polyamine, agmatine may also play a role in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPTA). Data in mammals have shown that polyamines are related to gonadotropin release, and in particular, promote an increased luteinizing hormone (LH) production. This positive regulation of gonadotropin is suggested to be the result of increased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, a neurotransmitter critically involved in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion.
Core FURY uses a hefty dose of AgmaMAX, independently tested agmatine sulfate that is over 98% pure. This is a far cry from most of the other agmatine sulfate on the market that barely tests out at 80% purity (and many often as low as 40%!). We could have chosen to use a lower dose because of the potency and purity of AgmaMAX, but instead we chose to include 750 mg in one scoop and 1,500 mg in a two scoop serving! The pumps from this product and dose alone are skin-bursting!
Creatine monohydrate: Sometimes called the “grandfather” of dietary supplements, creatine is, along with caffeine, one of the most extensively studied dietary compounds. Certainly, it is the most well-studied ergogenic aid. Generally speaking, the extensive amount of data on creatine demonstrates that it positively contributes to dilation of the vasculature, plasma-nutrient mobilization, post-workout nitrogen retention and protein synthesis, along with dose-dependently increasing contractile force through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) provision (i.e., it helps support increased strength).
If the human body could be considered a bank account, then ATP would be the currency, and every cellular process would be like spending a little money from that account. Without making a deposit, the account runs dry (fatigue). Unfortunately, making a direct deposit to that account in the form of exogenous adenosine triphosphate is impossible, given that ATP itself is incredibly unstable. The use of supplemental creatine, however, is analogous to making a deposit in the body’s energy bank, given that creatine is eventually metabolized to ATP via several steps.
In skeletal muscle, creatine is first phosphorylated into its primary derivative, known as phosphocreatine (PCr), by the muscle-specific creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB (muscle-brain). Following the phosphorylation of creatine, phosphocreatine may then anaerobically donate a phosphate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form the ATP required during the initial stages of intense muscular contraction. The result is not only an increase in contractile force, but also an increase in potential type IIx (‘fast-twitch’) muscle recruitment – the type of muscle fibers which are not only traditionally associated with speed, strength, and power, but which are also unsurprisingly the most energy-demanding fiber types. Literally speaking, creatine contributes to the building of muscle.
Both through the ATP provision just described, as well as effects on nutrient mobilization, protein-sparing, and fluid dynamics, creatine has been consistently demonstrated to increase lean muscle mass in clinical data. In the short-term, these effects are most likely the result of some fluid retention (and cell volumization) normally associated with exogenous creatine use. In the long term, these effects are likely attributable to creatine’s collective effect on muscle metabolism. The most recent research on creatine suggests it exerts direct effects on muscle metabolism, including altering the expression of genes responsible for ribosomal assembly, attenuating the breakdown of leucine, and most famously, by expanding cell volume. Cutting through the jargon, let us just say that the amount of creatine monohydrate contained in Core FURY simply works: these dosages have been shown time and again to significantly increase lean body mass and muscle volume, lower fatigue, and improve performance (measured in several ways).
Now, skip the gimmick, alternative forms of creatine (e.g., creatine ethyl ester, “buffered” creatines, etc) and stick to the tried and true creatine monohydrate found in Core FURY! Unlike many of the preworkouts on the market that will “sprinkle” creatine monohydrate in their proprietary blend, at 5,000 mg per two scoops serving, Core FURY uses a clinically supported dose of creatine monohydrate!
L-Citrulline: Citrulline is a non-essential, non-protein amino acid that forms during the urea cycle and forms ornithine when combined with carbon dioxide. Citrulline is also a critical source of endogenous (natural) arginine, as it is rapidly and efficiently converted to arginine in the vascular endothelium and other tissues.
Like agmatine, the other arginine pre-cursor/byproduct featured in Core FURY, citrulline’s benefits have been shown to be greater than its parent compound. While arginine undergoes direct hepatic (liver) metabolism through the enzyme arginase, citrulline bypasses hepatic metabolism entirely and it is delivered straight to the bloodstream. The result is that gut absorption and plasma (blood) bioavailability studies comparing citrulline and arginine have shown two things. First, that citrulline is less readily destroyed and has greater absorption than arginine. Second, that citrulline supplementation increases arginine levels more effectively than arginine supplementation itself.
This translates to promising results. For example, animal studies show a significant increase in anaerobic performance at a 250mg/kg/day serving of citrulline, while studies in humans implicate citrulline in both aerobic and anaerobic performance increases. As a critical part of the urea cycle, citrulline’s performance benefits are thought to be a result of its role in ammonia clearance. Citrulline is implicated in reducing the oxygen cost of muscle processes, along with increasing the rate of post-exercise ATP and phosphocreatine replenishment. As ATP and phosphocreatine are the body’s ‘exercise fuel,’ this may result in citrulline delaying time to exhaustion in aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
Trimethylglycine (TMG): Betaine (trimethylglycine) is found naturally in most living organisms. It is well known to protect non-mammalian animal life in conditions of osmotic stress (a rapid change in the amount of solute surrounding a cell), in addition to functioning as an osmolyte in mammalian (including human) tissues. Betaine is formed in cells as an oxidation product of choline and can be obtained in the diet from foods such as spinach and beets.
Though data on betaine is limited, and recent, the available literature suggests that this compound has immediate and tangible effects in a number of areas. Studies on betaine using dosages as little as 1.25g/day and up to 5g/day for up to 14 days have shown promising results. In one study, a 2.5g/day dose was found to enhance endurance and total repetition volume for the squat, bench press, and jump squat in in healthy-exercised trained adults. A similar study using the same dosage found that betaine use increased peak power and maximum peak power, along with force and the maintenance of both force and power in healthy, exercise-trained subjects.
Perhaps more interesting, however, is a study which examined betaine’s effect on the endocrine system that revealed betaine exerts a powerful effect on IGF, GH, and cortisol levels, with authors hypothesizing that long(er) term betaine supplementation ought to increase the hypertrophic (muscle-building) response to resistance training.
Choline bitartrate: Choline is an essential nutrient involved in numerous metabolic pathways, including DNA regulation and repair, protein function, and metabolism. Perhaps most importantly, the critical neurotransmitter acetylcholine is produced directly from free choline via cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine is then responsible for a number of functions itself, most crucially as the compound which induces muscular contraction and as the neuromodulator partially responsible for modulating risk/reward, arousal, and enhancing memory.
Choline’s essential role as a substrate for acetylcholine, and therefore brain development, is well documented in animal models. These studies demonstrate that levels of free maternal choline have a direct and fundamental impact on prenatal brain development, with the enhancements or deficits lasting into adulthood. Choline’s enhancing effect is particularly prominent in the hippocampus. In humans, the hippocampus is primarily involved in the consolidation of memory (taking short, episodic memory and translating it into long-term memory) and the learning of new information. Acetylcholine is a critical component in these processes, as mentioned above, and choline may therefore play a potential role in these processes as well by providing the substrate for acetylcholine synthesis.
Tartaric acid occurs naturally in the food source, while its salt derivatives (tartrate, for example) have been used as acidulants, antioxidant synergists, buffers and sequestrants. As free base, choline is rapidly destroyed in metabolism and attaching a salt to enhance absorption is necessary. The bitartrate salt addition used in Core FURY preserves choline from being destroyed during metabolism.
N-acetyl-tyrosine:Tyrosine is amongst a class of amino acids known as ‘non-essential’ amino acids, so called because the body can produce them endogenously, and it is therefore not essential to consume dietary tyrosine. That said, tyrosine is also what is known as a conditionally-essential amino acid; conditionally-essential because, along with glucose and ammonia, the synthesis of tyrosine additionally requires adequate levels of phenylalanine. Once synthesized, tyrosine is one of the most critical amino acids, given its prominent role as a substrate in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, in addition to both T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) thyroid hormones.
In studies on stress modulation, tyrosine has been demonstrated to reverse stress-induced norepinephrine depletion and the depressant-behavioral effects normally associated with it. It is suggested that tyrosine’s catecholamine-synthetic role may be particularly prominent in situations of acute stress where neurohormones are depleted – by not only contributing to the synthesis of catecholamines, but also potentiating their effects and exerting direct actions. In other words, tyrosine may help to mitigate the sense of depletion and fatigue felt at the end of a workout.
Studies on tyrosine’s effect on cognitive performance also show promise. The literature demonstrates that supplemental tyrosine may prevent the degradation in performance on cognitive tasks normally associated with both stress and fatigue. Tyrosine’s role in increasing hypothalamic dopamine synthesis may also explain its positive effect on working memory, particularly in circumstances where supplemental tyrosine improved anticipated failure rates in difficult cognitive tasks.
Tyrosine may also play important metabolic functions, mostly related to its role in synthesizing compounds which stimulate the nervous system. While not traditionally considered a sympathomimetic amine – a compound which mimics the action of catecholamines such as norepinephrine – studies which have coadministered tyrosine and stimulants demonstrate a synergistic effect. These studies suggest that tyrosine may potentiate the effects of both endogenous and supplemental norepinephrine and its mimetics (in the case of exogenous use) with respect to lipolysis, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. This means that tyrosine may assist norepinephrine in breaking up fat tissue, increasing body heat transiently, and increasing caloric expenditure.
N-acetyl L-tyrosine, the form used in Core FURY, is widely believed to be a more bioavailable form of tyrosine. The addition of an acetyl group to the amino group makes tyrosine more water-soluble, and may therefore speed the gastrointestinal absorption of tyrosine. The acetyl group also functions as an antioxidant, making the amino group less susceptible to oxidation in the bloodstream – acting as a biological bodyguard to transport the tyrosine within the bloodstream.
Phenylethylamine HCL, Beta-methylphenylethylamine HCL, and N,N-dimethyl-B-phenylethylamine HCL: Phenylethylamine, or PEA, and its derivatives have traditionally been considered amphetamine homologues due to the relative similarity in structure and effects. PEA has recently been studied with respect to its effects on the mammalian brain in a number of areas, though most pertinently in cognitive performance and its influence on the central nervous systems. These studies have generally shown that PEA significantly increases catecholaminergic activity in the mammalian brain, stimulating the release of both dopamine and serotonin while inhibiting their uptake. Why is this important to Core FURY? Catecholamine neurotransmitters are critical components to a number of mental functions and processes, including feelings of reward, motivation, and pleasure. Without these compounds, the mental benefit of training is nearly impossible to realize. Put simply, the PEA blend in Core FURY supports that euphoric and energetic feeling during training.
Unfortunately, PEA is notoriously unstable in its natural form, as the body almost immediately destroys it in metabolism. The instability of PEA is a potential reason for its inconsistent effects both within individuals (the same individual feeling different effects), and between individuals (each individual experiencing something different). To address this, Core FURY includes not only PEA, but derivatives of PEA which have substituents to significantly extend its half-life.
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (Caffeine):Caffeine is the most widely consumed, and perhaps one of the most reviewed, psychoactive compounds. Its physiological effects in a range of areas have been well-documented, including exercise performance, information processing, alertness and mood enhancement, attention, and awareness, along with its anti-lipogenic and lipolytic abilities.
Most importantly to Core FURY, caffeine has been shown to have significant effects on exercise performance, even with ingestion in doses as small 3 to 9mg/kg/bw/day (the equivalent of 2 cups of standard coffee, for a 170lb male). In endurance training, possible explanations for caffeine’s performance-enhancing effects lie in its metabolic effects on both lean and fat tissue. It is suggested that caffeine’s potent lipolytic (the breakdown of fat tissue into fatty acids) and oxidative (the actual ‘burning’ of fat) action allow the body to utilize these sources during prolonged submaximal exercise. As a consequence, muscle glycogen is spared and available for use later in the training session. Practically speaking, this means caffeine is forcing your body to preferentially use fat tissue as a fuel source, while sparing the glycogen, which gives your muscles that full-bodied look!
In short-term exercise, caffeine’s demonstrated role in the inhibition of cyclic AMP- phosphodiesterases (PDE), adenosine receptor antagonism, and adrenoreceptor agonism come into play. These three pathways collectively stimulate lipolytic activity, boost fat metabolism, increase metabolic rate and energy expenditure, and regulate the body’s thermogenic activity. The practical results of activating these pathways are increases to the contractile force of both cardiac and skeletal muscle (harder flexion), an increase in energy expenditure (freeing up more caloric energy to be used in contraction), dilation of vasculature (better blood flow), and improvements to both nitrogen retention and skeletal muscle protein synthesis (key components to muscle building).
In Core FURY, we have included a per-serving amount of caffeine that is neither excessive, nor arbitrary, but that instead reflects the dosages used in clinical research.
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Scoop (9.5 grams)
Servings Per Container: 40
Amount Per 1 Scoop
Amount Per 2 Scoops
% Daily Value*
AgmaMAX™ (98% Pure HPLC Agmatine sulfate) 750mg 1500mg †
Creatine monohydrate 2500mg 5000mg †
L-Citruline 1500mg 3000mg †
Trimethylglycine 1000mg 2000mg †
Choline bitartrate 250mg 500mg †
N-acetyl-tyrosine 500mg 1000mg †
Phenylethylamine HCL 200mg 400mg †
Beta-methylphenylethylamine HCL 125mg 250mg †
N,N-dimethyl-B-phenylethylamine HCL 25mg 50mg †
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (Caffeine) 200mg 400mg †
Directions
Mix 1 scoop with 8-10 ounces of water and consume approximately 30 minutes prior to your workout. To assess your tolerance, start with a 1 scoop serving. 1 to 1.5 scoops may be ideal for those smaller individuals or people sensitive to stimulants. Do not exceed 2 scoops in a 24 hour period. For enhanced performance, stack with 1-2 scoops of Core ABC 30 minutes prior to your workout.